TPO antibodies are one of the most commonly discussed thyroid antibodies. Their full name is thyroid peroxidase antibodies.

These antibodies are produced by the immune system and target thyroid peroxidase, a protein involved in thyroid hormone production.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

The most important association is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In Hashimoto’s, the immune system attacks the thyroid and may gradually impair its ability to produce hormones.

Graves’ Disease

Graves’ disease is another autoimmune thyroid disorder. Although Graves’ is primarily identified through antibodies against the TSH receptor, TPO antibodies can also be elevated.

Postpartum Thyroiditis

Some people develop thyroid inflammation following pregnancy. This condition can cause changing thyroid hormone levels and may be associated with thyroid autoimmunity.

Normal Thyroid Function Is Possible

A person can have elevated TPO antibodies without currently having hypothyroidism. TSH and free T4 are therefore important when assessing thyroid function.

What Should You Do?

If TPO antibodies are high, the result should be interpreted according to the laboratory's reference range and considered together with symptoms, medical history, and other thyroid tests.

It is not advisable to assume that an elevated antibody result has one simple dietary or lifestyle cause. Autoimmune thyroid disease can involve multiple genetic and environmental influences.

The best approach is to understand what the complete thyroid evaluation shows and follow up with a qualified healthcare professional when appropriate.