In vivo microscopy refers to the imaging of living tissues within a patient or animal model. In clinical settings, "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy" (CLE) allows surgeons to perform a "virtual biopsy" during an endoscopic procedure. By using a fiber-optic probe, clinicians can visualize cellular structures within the gastrointestinal tract or lungs in real-time, helping to identify cancerous lesions that may be invisible under standard light.

This technology is also finding applications in the operating room, where "Fluorescence-Guided Surgery" uses operating microscopes to visualize tumor margins. By injecting a fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in cancer cells, the surgeon can ensure a more complete resection of the tumor while sparing healthy tissue. Technical specifications for these surgical-grade microscopes are found in the Microscopy Devices Market industry updates. This real-time feedback is revolutionizing surgical oncology and neurosurgery.

The development of "Handheld Microscopes" further expands the reach of this technology, allowing for bedside diagnostics in dermatology and primary care. These portable devices can visualize skin capillaries or cellular changes in suspicious moles without the need for an invasive physical biopsy. As these tools become more compact and affordable, they are expected to play a major role in early disease detection and point-of-care diagnostics.